What is Geometry?
Geometry is a subject in mathematics that focuses on the study of shapes, sizes, relative configurations, and spatial properties. Derived from the Greek word meaning “
earth measurement”, geometry is one of the oldest sciences. It was first formally organized by the Greek mathematician
Euclid around 300 BC when he arranged 465 geometric propositions into 13 books, titled ‘Elements’.
What are Angle Properties, Postulates, and Theorems?
In order to study geometry in a logical way, it will be important to understand key mathematical properties and to know how to apply useful postulates and theorems.
Task 1:
Define the following (& # 4, 6 & 8 post as a comment)
- Postulate
- Theorem
- Transversal
- Converse
Nb: suggest you do a personal note or concept map to summarise the various types of geometrical properties.
The syllabus requires you to know the following:
- Properties of angles eg. acute, reflect etc
- Properties of angles and straight lines
- Properties of angles between parallel lines
- Properties of Triangle
courtesy of Lincoln Chu S1-02 2010
courtesy of Goh Jia Sheng S1-02 2010
Lets look at some of these Postulates
A. Corresponding Angles Postulate
If a
transversal intersects two
parallel lines, the pairs of corresponding
angles are congruent.
Converse also true: If a transversal intersects two lines and the corresponding
angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
The figure above yields four pairs of corresponding angles.
B. Parallel Postulate
Given a line and a point
not on that line, there exists a unique line through the
point parallel to the given line.
The parallel postulate is what sets Euclidean geometry apart from
non-Euclidean geometry.
There are an infinite number of lines that pass through point E, but only
the red line runs parallel to line CD. Any other line through E will
eventually intersect line CD.
Angle Theorems
C. Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem
If a transversal intersects two
parallel lines, then the alternate exterior
angles are congruent.
Converse also true: If a transversal intersects two lines and the alternate
exterior angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
The alternate exterior angles have the same degree measures because the lines are
parallel to each other.
D. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
If a transversal intersects two
parallel lines, then the alternate interior
angles are congruent.
Converse also true: If a transversal intersects two lines and the alternate
interior angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
The alternate interior angles have the same degree measures because the lines are
parallel to each other.
E. Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem
If a transversal intersects two
parallel lines, then the interior angles
on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.
The sum of the degree measures of the same-side interior angles is 180°.
F. Vertical Angles Theorem
If two angles are vertical angles, then they have equal measures.
The vertical angles have equal degree measures. There are two pairs of vertical angles.
sources:
http://www.wyzant.com
http://www.mathsteacher.com.au/year9/ch13_geometry/05_deductive/geometry.htm